How to make an outline for an essay「essay寫作指南」
How to make an outline for an essay?If you are want to know what is an essay outline then you are on the right path. It is crucial to get things right. In its general meaning, an essay outline is a concise summary of a work that presents its structure with description of some details. The extended version of it provides more information about your paper and can consist of full sentences . This article provides you with relevant writing essay outline tips, steps and examples for your reference.
一.what does an essay outline look like
It should be noted that there is no absolutely correct dissertation outline template that would fit every subject. While Social Sciences, for example, may include 4-5 parts, an assigned committee may introduce changes, so it is always better to check twice in advance. In our guide, we will focus on 5 chapter method with outline variations specified.
Introduction
As a rule, it encloses general introduction and background description of problem addressed. Next comes problem statement that serves as general thesis idea. Following part should present study purpose and research questions that are significant for this specific work. Next section should focus on significance of chosen study, which is usually including topic relevance. Do not forget to provide clear definitions of terms used. It is also where personal assumptions and discovered limitations are mentioned. For conclusion of primary section, ensure to provide additional study details, if necessary.
Literature Review
As name suggests, dissertation chapter 2 has all implemented literature described, listed, investigated, and studied in depth. One has to provide conceptual and/or theoretical framework to justify use of provided materials. Depending on topic variables, one should enclose detailed review of sources involved.
顧名思義，論文第二章對所有實(shí)施文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了描述、列舉、調(diào)查和深入研究。必須提供概念和/或理論框架來證明所提供材料的使用是合理的。根據(jù)主題變量的不同，應(yīng)該附上有關(guān)來源的詳細(xì)綜述。
Note: Third chapter may differ, depending on topic and methods chosen or required!
Qualitative Methodology
One of the trickiest sections since it has to show research design, scientific relevance questions, provide setting for analysis, describe participants or objects of study. Next, data collection paragraph is presented, which is followed by extensive analysis. This is where one must use citing, when and if necessary. Final part should contain brief overview of method justification.
Quantitative Research Methods
In this case, it follows research design with problem description, problem questions, and hypotheses made. What makes it different are provided samples and population statistics related to methodology. Moreover, it has to include instrumentation used for accurate collection of data. It ends with their analysis.
Combined Methodology Analysis
Choosing mixed approach, start with brief overview and strategy pattern. Continue by focusing on hypotheses and goals. Provide setting and sample(s) next. As you’ve finished to collect the data, it has to relate to chosen work methods. Analysis has to include both opinion and references to scientific journals. With such option, this section of dissertation has to make chosen methods obvious to audience.
Research Outcomes
Fourth chapter aims to explain findings. It is recommended to organize them either by research questions specified or hypotheses given. Remember that introduction has to speak of what has to be found, while conclusion is summary that explains whether it has been successful or not.
第四章旨在解釋調(diào)查結(jié)果。建議通過指定的研究問題或給出的假設(shè)來組織它們。請記住，引言必須說明需要找到的內(nèi)容，而結(jié)論則是解釋游戲是否成功的總結(jié)。
Conclusion: Discussion and Future Research Suggestions
Final part has to provide more detailed findings summary. It differs from previous chapter in depth of personal analysis involved. After one lists achieved goals, it is necessary to provide conclusion that includes analytical thought. To make things easier, continue with discussion of topic, describing paper's research. If appropriate and available, mention suggestions for additional investigation or what is necessary to add. Wrapping one's work together, remember to check twice not to forget anything. Last part of dissertation plan is good place to include opinion and justify style used.
最后一部分必須提供更詳細(xì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)總結(jié)。它不同于前一章所涉及的個(gè)人分析的深度。在列出已達(dá)成的目標(biāo)之后，有必要提供包含分析性思考的結(jié)論。為了讓事情變得簡單，繼續(xù)討論主題，描述論文的研究。如果合適并且可行的話，提到關(guān)于額外調(diào)查的建議或者需要添加的內(nèi)容。把一個(gè)人的工作包在一起，記住要檢查兩次，不要忘記任何東西。論文計(jì)劃的最后一部分是很好的地方包括意見和證明風(fēng)格使用。
二.How to make an outline for an essay
There are many approaches on how to outline an essay. We will share some tips to give you an idea of essay writing process. The process of writing an essay outline required by any US university involves several simple steps:
1.Conduct Research on the Topic
To write the best essay, one should know the topic very well. So, some preliminary research and consideration of this topic are required. Google search by keywords may help find articles and other publications on this topic. If you’re writing a research paper, create a list of recommended literature as well. This will help form your own opinion regarding this matter.
要寫出最好的文章，一個(gè)人應(yīng)該非常了解主題。因此，有必要對這個(gè)課題進(jìn)行一些初步的研究和思考。通過關(guān)鍵字搜索谷歌可以幫助找到關(guān)于這個(gè)主題的文章和其他出版物。如果你正在寫一篇研究論文，也要創(chuàng)建一個(gè)推薦文獻(xiàn)列表。這將有助于形成你自己對這件事的看法。
2.Identify Essay Objective
When you've developed your opinion, write down main research objective. It can be a thesis statement or a question that can help start a conversation with readers. Your discussion should support main objective with detailed evidence. Objective helps to stay focused and stick to the main point.
3.List Main Research Points
On this stage, you should make a sketch of your future paper. List all points to disclose in a paper, but don’t go into much detail. A quick brainstorming will help find several main points of your essay to further use these points as an essay frame. You can polish your ideas in a process of writing. It’s not necessary to disclose all points that were outlined in the beginning as new information may help expand or shrink the topic or change some points.
在這個(gè)階段，你應(yīng)該為未來的論文畫一個(gè)草圖。列出要在論文中披露的所有要點(diǎn)，但不要太過詳細(xì)。一個(gè)快速的頭腦風(fēng)暴會幫助你找到你的文章的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)，進(jìn)一步使用這些要點(diǎn)作為文章的框架。你可以在寫作的過程中打磨你的想法。沒有必要把一開始列出的所有要點(diǎn)都說出來，因?yàn)樾碌男畔⒖赡苡兄跀U(kuò)展或縮小主題，或者改變一些要點(diǎn)。
4.Organize Ideas
By organizing all points to be disclosed in your paper, you will polish the structure of essay outline. Just put them into order and summarize each point not to forget what you wanted to dwell on in each section.
5.Revise and Remove Redundant Paragraphs
Revise all points and check each for relevance to objectives of your essay. This will help better disclose the key idea of your essay and stick to the main points. Remove all redundant paragraphs that don’t help disclose your idea and paraphrase those which seem to be irrelevant. If this task is complicated for you, then use our help!
修改所有的點(diǎn)，并檢查每一個(gè)點(diǎn)與你文章的目標(biāo)的相關(guān)性。這將有助于更好地揭示你的文章的核心思想，并緊緊抓住要點(diǎn)。刪除所有無助于揭示你的想法的多余段落，釋義那些看起來不相關(guān)的段落。如果這個(gè)任務(wù)對你來說是復(fù)雜的，那么使用我們的幫助!
三.academic essay outline example
Here is a basic outline of academic essay sections that you can adjust to your paper topic and subject.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Intro
Issue & Its Background
Issue Statement
Research Purpose & Questions
Significance
Glossary of Terms (optional)
Limitations & Assumptions
Concluding paragraph
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Intro
Description of literature search
Framework
Review of Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology (Qualitative/Quantitative/Mixed)
Intro
Research Design
Research Hypotheses & Question
Setting/Sample & Population
Participants/Instrumentation
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Concluding section
Chapter 4: Findings
Intro
Findings
Conclusion
Chapter 5: Discussion and Suggestions for Further Research
Intro
Findings Summary
Conclusions
Discussion
Suggestions for Further Investigation
Final Conclusion Part
Here is a complete academic essay example：
Prompt:The title of this essay is:Effects Of Stress To All Human Body Systems
Introduction
Have you ever stressed over that one exam that kept you up all night studying for? Have you ever stressed over your choice of what major you should study in college? Have you ever stressed over where would you be in 10 years from now? I’m pretty sure that we have all experienced stress at some point or another .stress is a regular reaction and its effects can be good or bad or a mix of both. For example, stress can push you into doing better or it can scare and shut you down.
Reasons of stress
The most common yet simple question about stress is what are its reasons? Stress may be caused by the death of a loved one, divorce, not being able to find a job or a loss of one, getting married and moving to a new house and live a new life surrounded by new people, physical injuries, time limited events, such as the pressures examinations or submissions deadlines or by continuous situations, such as family problems or finical limits. As well as . Social phobias, there are several people who are incapable of developing their communication and social skills. This increases the fear of communicating with others at different levels of life and this becomes a cause of stress among the young.
Effects of stress
all of these factors can lead you to the feeling of fear like when you hear news about World War Three and feel stressed because you don’t have control over those events or even worse lead you to overthinking about change, any big life change can be a little stressful sometimes, even happy changes such as a job promotion or a wedding for instance, but also more defatting events a death of a loved one, divorce or financial problems. You’re sitting in traffic, past due for a crucial meeting, watching the minutes tick away. Your hypothalamus, a tiny manage tower to your brain, makes a decision to ship out the order: Send inside the stress hormones! These stress hormones are the same ones that cause your body’s “fight or flight” response. Your coronary heart races, your breath quickens, and your muscles are geared up for action.
Central nervous and endocrine systems
Your central system nervous (CNS) is responsible for your “fight or flight” response. In your brain, the neural structure gets the ball rolling, telling your adrenal glands to unharness the strain hormones Adrenalin and hydrocortisone. These hormones rev up your heartbeat Associate in Nursing send blood dashing to the areas that require it most in an emergency, like your muscles, heart, and different vital organs
Respiratory and cardiovascular systems
Stress hormones have an effect on your respiratory and cardiovascular systems. During the strain response, you breathe faster if you want to quickly distribute oxygen-rich blood to your body. If you have already got a breathing hassle like asthma or emphysema, pressure can make it even tougher to breathe.
Under pressure, your coronary heart also pumps faster. Stress hormones reason your blood vessels to constrict and divert more oxygen on your muscles so you’ll have more electricity to take action. But this additionally raises your blood pressure.
Digestive system
Under strain, your liver produces greater blood sugar (glucose) to offer you a boost of energy. If you’re below chronic stress, your body won’t be able to keep up with this more glucose surge. Chronic pressure may increase your threat of growing type 2 diabetes.
The rush of hormones, rapid breathing, and expanded heart price can also disillusion your digestive system. You’re more likely to have heartburn or acid reflux thanks to a boom in stomach acid. Stress doesn’t purpose ulcers (a bacterium referred to as H. Pylori regularly does), but it can boom your danger for them and reason present ulcers to act up.
Stress can also affect the manner food moves through your body, leading to diarrhea or constipation. You might also enjoy nausea, vomiting, or a stomachache
Symptoms of stress
Stress can affect all components of your life, along with your emotions, behaviors, questioning ability, and bodily health. Not part of the body is immune. But, because people handle pressure differently, symptoms of stress can vary. Symptoms may be vague and might be the same as those caused by scientific conditions. So it is important to talk about them along with your doctor. You may revel in any of the following signs of pressure.
Emotional symptoms
Include, Becoming easily agitated, frustrated, and moody, Feeling overwhelmed, like you are losing manage or want to take manipulate, having problems enjoyable and quieting your mind, Feeling horrific approximately yourself (low self-esteem), lonely, worthless, and depressed, Avoiding others.
Physical symptoms
Include, Low energy, Headaches, Upset stomach, including diarrhea, constipation, and nausea, Chest pain and rapid heartbeat, Insomnia. Last but not least,
Cognitive symptoms
Include, Constant worrying, Forgetfulness, and disorganization, Inability to focus, Being pessimistic, or seeing only the negative side.
Precautions of stress
People can learn to manage stress and lead happier healthier lives.
1. Avoid Caffeine, Alcohol, and Nicotine.
Avoid, or at least reduce, your intake of nicotine and any beverages containing caffeine and alcohol. Caffeine and nicotine are stimulants and so will growth your degree of stress as a substitute than lessen it.
Alcohol is a depressant when taken in massive quantities, but acts as a stimulant in smaller quantities. Therefore using alcohol as a manner to alleviate stress isn’t always ultimately helpful.
Swap caffeinated and alcoholic drinks for water, herbal teas, or diluted herbal fruit juices and aim to hold you’re self-hydrated as this can allow your body to cope higher with stress
2. Get More Sleep
A loss of sleep is a vast motive of pressure. Unfortunately, though, the strain also interrupts our sleep as thoughts preserve whirling thru our heads, preventing us from relaxing enough to fall asleep.
Rather than relying on medication, your aim has to be to maximize your rest earlier than going to sleep. Make sure that your bedroom is a tranquil oasis and not using reminders of the things that cause you stress. Avoid caffeine during the evening, as nicely as immoderate alcohol in case you know that this results in disturbed sleep. Stop doing any mentally traumatic work numerous hours earlier than going to bed so you supply your mind time to calm down. Try taking a warm bath or analyzing a calming, undemanding eBook for a couple of minutes to loosen up your body, tire your eyes and help you forget approximately the matters that fear you.
3. Manage Your Time
At times, we all experience overburdened by means of our ‘To Do’ listing and this is a not unusual purpose of stress. Accept that you cannot do the whole lot at once and begin to prioritize and diaries your tasks.
Make a list of all of the matters that you need to do and list them so as of true priority. Note what tasks you need to do in my opinion and what can be delegated to others to do. Record which obligations want to be completed immediately, in the next week, within the next month, or whilst time allows.
4. Take Control
Stress can be brought on with the aid of trouble that could on the surface appear impossible to solve. Learning how to find solutions to your problems will help you experience more on top of things thereby decreasing your degree of stress.
One trouble-solving approach involves writing down the trouble and arising with as many viable solutions as you can. Decide on the coolest and horrific points of everyone and select the quality solution. Write down every step that you need to take as part of the solution: what will be done, how will or not it’s done, whilst will or not it’s done, who’s involved and where will it take place.
Conclusion
Stress plays a primary position in our everyday lives; it both makes us perform higher and makes us fail. . However, from this examination, it is able be concluded that pressure creates a negative effect on the health of individuals. Thus, the observation enlightens on the causes of strain and its influences on the lives of people. Moreover, the observation also makes a specialty of the measure that can be undertaken with a purpose to decrease or conquer the pressure level.
In basics, an outline is kind of writing plan that helps for better organization of a paper. By using a short summary, you can easily and logically structure your narration. An outline helps writers understand which content they should place in each paper section.
基本上，提綱是一種寫作計(jì)劃，有助于更好地組織一篇論文。通過使用簡短的摘要，你可以輕松且有邏輯地組織你的敘述。提綱可以幫助作者理解他們應(yīng)該把哪些內(nèi)容放在論文的每個(gè)部分。
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