Essay代寫范文：Features Of Qualitative And Quantitative Research

Essay范文-定性與定量研究的特點。本文是一篇由本站留學(xué)生代寫服務(wù)提供的essay范文。主要內(nèi)容分Quantitative Method of Research 定量研究方法，Qualitative Method of Research 定性研究方法，Qualitative Research 定性研究，Quantitative Research 定量研究，在詳細(xì)了解了這些細(xì)節(jié)并對小型企業(yè)進(jìn)行了研究后，我意識到它們有巨大的機會。盡管所有障礙都應(yīng)被視為恐懼，而且通過深入研究和市場全球化方向可以很容易地克服恐懼。下面就一起來看一下這篇essay代寫參考的具體內(nèi)容。

Most of us are researchers most of the time. We dont necessarily think of ourselves as researchers but research is really about collecting information that tells us about something and it helps us make informed decisions.

我們大多數(shù)人大多數(shù)時候都是研究人員。我們不一定認(rèn)為自己是研究人員，但研究實際上是收集告訴我們的信息，幫助我們做出明智的決定。

Of course what we call research (as in ‘basic research methods’) is a more formal way of going about asking questions. We usually begin with something very specific we want to know. Then we ask the question or questions in a structured way. This structure is called a methodology. Research is used in all aspects of life these days. Some commonly used search areas could be.

當(dāng)然，我們所說的研究（如“基礎(chǔ)研究方法”）是一種更正式的提問方式。我們通常從一些我們想知道的非常具體的事情開始。然后我們以結(jié)構(gòu)化的方式提出一個或多個問題。這種結(jié)構(gòu)被稱為方法論。如今，研究應(yīng)用于生活的方方面面。一些常用的搜索區(qū)域可能是。

Market research is learning about business markets, competition and opportunities.

市場研究是關(guān)于商業(yè)市場、競爭和機遇的學(xué)習(xí)。

Economic research is more towards playing with numbers and giving them back meaningfully. More towards analysis and future forecast with references to the past trends.

經(jīng)濟(jì)研究更傾向于玩弄數(shù)字，并有意義地回饋數(shù)字。更多的是參考過去的趨勢進(jìn)行分析和未來預(yù)測。

Scientific research is the most useful research domain. Research has played a key role in science, innovations and has discovered the world over hundreds of years.

科學(xué)研究是最有用的研究領(lǐng)域。數(shù)百年來，研究在科學(xué)和創(chuàng)新方面發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用，并發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界。

Media research has enabled us to quantify the viewership through sampling and also checked the quality of contents through surveys.

媒體研究使我們能夠通過抽樣來量化收視率，也可以通過調(diào)查來檢查內(nèi)容的質(zhì)量。

Social research has made more significance now than any other research type. Research has played stimuli in understanding the behavior patterns, psychological profiles and emotional perceptions of human nature.

社會研究現(xiàn)在比任何其他研究類型都更有意義。研究在理解人性的行為模式、心理特征和情感感知方面發(fā)揮了刺激作用。

Quantitative Method of Research 定量研究方法

This is a traditional style of research which interprets numbers and converts it into meaningful information. Quantitative research is a direct approach concerning numbers and large amount of data available in raw shape, which is then worked out using techniques and formulations to make it information (Best and Khan, 1989, 89-90)

這是一種傳統(tǒng)的研究方式，它解釋數(shù)字并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為有意義的信息。定量研究是一種直接的方法，涉及原始形狀的大量可用數(shù)據(jù)，然后使用技術(shù)和公式進(jìn)行計算，使其成為信息（Best和Khan，19889-90）

Qualitative Method of Research 定性研究方法

This research tends towards the new era of emotional intelligence. It gives us an idea that research is the need of social science now. In this methodology we understand the complexity of human nature and learn the trends of a society.

這項研究趨向于情商的新時代。它給了我們一種觀念，即研究是現(xiàn)在社會科學(xué)的需要。在這種方法中，我們理解了人性的復(fù)雜性，并了解了社會的趨勢。

Qualitative research is an experimental research that doesn’t have the collected data in digits or numbers but it indicates the trend (Punch, 1998, 4)

定性研究是一種實驗性研究，沒有以數(shù)字或數(shù)字形式收集的數(shù)據(jù)，但它表明了趨勢（Punch，1998，4）

Features of Quantitative Vs. Qualitative Methodology of Research

定量與定性研究方法論的特點

Qualitative Research 定性研究

This essay intendsto have more descriptive detailed report, pictorial and graphs also help satisfy the hypothesis.

本篇essay旨在提供更具描述性的詳細(xì)報告，圖片和圖表也有助于滿足假設(shè)。

Research may not know very little what they are looking for and going to get later on the research.

研究人員可能不知道他們在尋找什么，以及以后的研究會得到什么。

The Researcher has to conduct the gathering of data himself.

研究人員必須親自收集數(shù)據(jù)。

This methodology is richer, time consuming, difficult and useful for general public for later use.

這種方法更豐富、耗時、困難且對公眾有用，便于日后使用。

Researcher gets too much involved in personal immerse within the theme and content of the research.

研究人員過多地沉浸在研究的主題和內(nèi)容中。

Quantitative Research 定量研究

This research type reflects more classification of features through statistical models and explanation of conclusions

這種研究類型通過統(tǒng)計模型和結(jié)論解釋反映了更多的特征分類

The researcher exactly know precisely what they are going to get from their research

研究人員確切地知道他們將從研究中得到什么

The researcher has tools, software and even the existing data can be used to conduct the research

研究人員有工具、軟件，甚至現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)都可以用來進(jìn)行研究

In quantitative research the research is more substantial for individuals, organizations or a particular state of people, less time consuming, less energy and specific.

在定量研究中，研究對個人、組織或特定狀態(tài)的人來說更具實質(zhì)性，耗時更少，精力更少，而且更具體。

The researcher mainly focus on the objective rather than the subjective material

研究者主要關(guān)注客觀而非主觀材料

In our research project

在我們的研究項目中

“Comparative Analysis on Advertising in Telco Industry of India & Pakistan”

“印度和巴基斯坦電信行業(yè)廣告的比較分析”

We will be using Qualitative research approach as our main focus will be on the quality of concept and content in advertising placed in electronic media. With the help of questionnaires and interviews we will try to conclude our findings.

我們將使用定性研究方法，因為我們的主要關(guān)注點將是電子媒體廣告中的概念和內(nèi)容的質(zhì)量。在問卷調(diào)查和訪談的幫助下，我們將努力總結(jié)我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Abstract 摘要

This study shows that globalization is the key to opportunities for smaller organizations. The world has turned itself into a global village. Gender biasness, resource limitations and boundaries are not meant to be any barriers in today’s era of technology. The smaller firms are large in number consequently have more prospects of progress and ample elements of growth and development.

這項研究表明，全球化是小型組織獲得機會的關(guān)鍵。世界已經(jīng)把自己變成了一個地球村。性別偏見、資源限制和界限并不是當(dāng)今技術(shù)時代的任何障礙。規(guī)模較小的公司數(shù)量龐大，因此有更多的進(jìn)步前景和充足的增長和發(fā)展要素。

Introduction 簡介

The world globalization is no more an unknown or unrealistic concept. It has proven to capture the mindset of every business firm small, medium or multi-national. The world today is converted into global village. The barriers like boundaries, long distances and enemies are no more barriers; biggest issue for both world powers and growing countries is only one word that is Economy. Where to get money to buy food, energy and development? Where for find the resource that can build local economy sustain well in the global challenges? The need of the hour is to find more markets for your product. That is what we need to do today. SMEs can globalize while contributing to sustainable and inclusive growth (Zaman, 2008). In my article we will try to elaborate on what challenges are faced by smaller firms in globalization

世界全球化不再是一個未知或不切實際的概念。事實證明，它能抓住每一家中小企業(yè)或跨國企業(yè)的心態(tài)。今天的世界變成了地球村。邊界、遠(yuǎn)距離和敵人等障礙不再是障礙；對世界大國和發(fā)展中國家來說，最大的問題只有一個詞，那個就是經(jīng)濟(jì)。從哪里獲得資金來購買糧食、能源和發(fā)展？在全球挑戰(zhàn)中，哪里可以找到能夠建設(shè)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)、維持良好的資源？現(xiàn)在的需要是為你的產(chǎn)品找到更多的市場。這就是我們今天需要做的。中小企業(yè)可以全球化，同時促進(jìn)可持續(xù)和包容性增長（Zaman，2008）。在我的文章中，我們將試圖詳細(xì)闡述全球化中小型企業(yè)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)

Literature Review 文獻(xiàn)綜述

Globalization is the key to success in this era. The societies that face boundaries in terms of business progress can never gain any respectable position among the race of economy. Gender biasness is an obstacle in third world countries. Women are not given the ultimate rights to contribute in the progress of economy in the society. A research conducted qualitatively, exploratory study on 20 business women in Australia through interviews these women have revealed that running a business is both a life changing experience and life growing experience. Being an Entrepreneur they enjoyed going global and they enjoyed extra growth being an exporter (Welch, Denice &Hewerdine, 2008). Another study states that given the same resources as males, women were found more successful in their business actions. Doing a study upon a 467 women business proprietors, they were identified to have advanced intensities of entrepreneurial orientation between both genders entrepreneurs (Runyan, Huddleston &Swinney, 2006). Exports have a vital effect on economy. With exports the foreign investment and foreign currency is coming in your country. The firms having smaller manufacturing are large in number therefore if they start exporting the number of circulation becomes utmost. Even the profits towards an individual or a business will not be a benchmark but the foreign revenues inward will defiantly play a role in the economy of the country (Lu & Beamish 2006). Taking about the major challenges faced by smaller firms throughout the world is lack of resources and mechanism but to neutralize these challenges many newer ideas in business models can be adopted like doing a partnership, collaborating with family members living abroad or doing a shareholders agreement. In a study conducting by (Zulima& Maria 2005) states that the negativity produced in family business working on a smaller scale can be eliminated by inducting other potential family members living across the globe to build essential resource and become a global identity.

全球化是這個時代取得成功的關(guān)鍵。在商業(yè)進(jìn)步方面面臨界限的社會永遠(yuǎn)無法在經(jīng)濟(jì)種族中獲得任何體面的地位。性別偏見是第三世界國家的一個障礙。婦女沒有被賦予為社會經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步做出貢獻(xiàn)的最終權(quán)利。一項對澳大利亞20名商界女性進(jìn)行的定性探索性研究顯示，經(jīng)營企業(yè)既是改變?nèi)松慕?jīng)歷，也是成長人生的經(jīng)歷。作為一名企業(yè)家，他們喜歡走向世界，作為一名出口商，他們喜歡額外的增長（Welch，Denice&Hewerdine，2008）。另一項研究表明，在與男性相同的資源下，女性在商業(yè)活動中更成功。通過對467名女性企業(yè)主的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)她們在兩性企業(yè)家之間具有更高的創(chuàng)業(yè)導(dǎo)向強度（Runyan，Huddleston&Swinney，2006）。出口對經(jīng)濟(jì)有著至關(guān)重要的影響。隨著出口，外國投資和外國貨幣正在進(jìn)入你的國家。制造業(yè)規(guī)模較小的公司數(shù)量龐大，因此，如果它們開始出口，流通量就會達(dá)到最大。即使是個人或企業(yè)的利潤也不會成為一個基準(zhǔn)，但流入的外國收入將在國家經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)揮重要作用（Lu&Beamish，2006年）。應(yīng)對世界各地小公司面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是缺乏資源和機制，但為了抵消這些挑戰(zhàn)，可以采用商業(yè)模式中的許多新想法，如建立伙伴關(guān)系、與居住在國外的家庭成員合作或簽訂股東協(xié)議。在（Zulima&Maria，2005）進(jìn)行的一項研究中指出，通過引導(dǎo)生活在全球各地的其他潛在家庭成員建立必要的資源并成為全球身份，可以消除在小規(guī)模經(jīng)營的家族企業(yè)中產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面影響。

So, any barrier is no barrier if one is looking beyond the expectation. The potential lying in generating business out of the global economy is immense. Small enterprises have made an impact on international trade. According to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) statistics, smaller organizations have become wide source of exporting in industrial nations. But the true influence of international entrepreneurial exposure is yet to be reviled among many countries (Knight, 2001). Having an international orientation is not enough; a commitment towards your business and ethical practices is also a need to develop in international market. This all is desirable from the top management and decision makers as they are the ones providing policies and patterns of work. Innovation and creativity comes from the decision makers. A research conducted with qualitative approach, with a sample size of 30 international small firm proprietors. They were interviewed in detail and found that there is an immense relationship between polices made and right focus on the market. A new innovative idea even on a smaller scale can spark the international buyers. One must have focus on targeting the right product for the right market(Bell, Crick & Young, 2004).

因此，如果一個人的目光超出了預(yù)期，任何障礙都不是障礙。從全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中創(chuàng)造業(yè)務(wù)的潛力是巨大的。小企業(yè)對國際貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生了影響。根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織（經(jīng)合組織）的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，較小的組織已成為工業(yè)國家的廣泛出口來源。但國際創(chuàng)業(yè)曝光的真正影響尚未在許多國家受到唾罵（Knight，2001）。僅僅有國際定位是不夠的；對您的商業(yè)和道德實踐的承諾也是在國際市場上發(fā)展的需要。這一切都是最高管理層和決策者所希望的，因為他們是提供政策和工作模式的人。創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)造力來自決策者。一項采用定性方法進(jìn)行的研究，樣本量為30名國際小企業(yè)主。他們接受了詳細(xì)的采訪，發(fā)現(xiàn)制定的政策和對市場的正確關(guān)注之間有著巨大的關(guān)系。即使規(guī)模較小，一個新的創(chuàng)新想法也能激發(fā)國際買家的熱情。人們必須專注于為正確的市場瞄準(zhǔn)正確的產(chǎn)品（Bell，Crick&Young，2004）。

To understand the concept of positively influencing economy through globalization more clearly, we must look at the countries that have developed radical structures effecting economy persuading the smaller firms. In this regard I have found a very interesting study that I want to share with the readers, that is about the comparison of SME’s development in progressive economies of the world through a process of radical transformation. This study reveals from contemporary surveys of managers working in SME’s of food and apparel chains managers in Bulgaria, Poland and the Baltic States, which was compared with the similar study conducted in the UK and Greece. The study reveals that the export orientation in developing countries has levels in product categories. The food chains were not been able to achieve any meaning full export in UK and Greece, while the clothing industry has made a wide impact. The smaller firms having better production cost had competed with the bigger brands and captured a wide export market in Europe. However, all this export exercise mainly associated with the export promotions and reduction of govt. taxations. With this support the smaller firms could get expert export alliances internationally and become useful for the nations.

為了更清楚地理解通過全球化對經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生積極影響的概念，我們必須看看那些已經(jīng)發(fā)展出影響經(jīng)濟(jì)的激進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)并說服小公司的國家。在這方面，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一項非常有趣的研究，我想與讀者分享，那就是通過徹底轉(zhuǎn)型的過程，比較世界進(jìn)步經(jīng)濟(jì)體中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展。這項研究揭示了保加利亞、波蘭和波羅的海國家中小企業(yè)食品和服裝連鎖店經(jīng)理的當(dāng)代調(diào)查，并與英國和希臘的類似研究進(jìn)行了比較。研究表明，發(fā)展中國家的出口導(dǎo)向在產(chǎn)品類別上是有層次的。食品鏈未能在英國和希臘實現(xiàn)任何意義上的全面出口，而服裝業(yè)產(chǎn)生了廣泛影響。生產(chǎn)成本較高的小公司與大品牌競爭，并在歐洲占領(lǐng)了廣泛的出口市場。然而，所有這些出口活動主要與促進(jìn)出口和減少政府稅收有關(guān)。有了這種支持，小公司可以在國際上建立專業(yè)的出口聯(lián)盟，并對國家有用。

Conclusion 結(jié)論

After going through the detail and through study regarding smaller business ventures, I have realized that they have immense opportunities. Despite the fact that all barriers should be considered as fear and that can be easily overcome with an in-depth research and market globalization orientation.

在詳細(xì)了解了這些細(xì)節(jié)并對小型企業(yè)進(jìn)行了研究后，我意識到它們有巨大的機會。盡管所有障礙都應(yīng)被視為恐懼，而且通過深入研究和市場全球化方向可以很容易地克服恐懼。

“The Chinese use two brush strokes to write the word ‘crisis.’ One brush stroke stands for danger; the other for opportunity. In a crisis, be aware of the danger–but recognize the opportunity.”

“中國人用兩個筆畫來寫‘危機’這個詞。一個筆畫代表危險，另一個筆畫表示機遇。在危機中，要意識到危險，但要認(rèn)識到機遇。”

Organizations exist to enable ordinary people to do extraordinary things.

組織的存在是為了讓普通人能夠做非凡的事情。

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